Electrical conduction system for communicating electrical energy.



G. W. PIOKARD. IGAL CONDUGTION SYSTEM FOR COMMUNICATING ELECTRICAL ENERGY.

AXPLHJATION FILED APR.27, 1910,

Patented Jan. 28, 1913.

INVENTUR NEED e STATE -REENLEAE WHITTIER IECKARD, OF AMESIQ WIRELEEE? SPECIALTY APFARATUS COMPAL 7! vi osieee,

Application filed ogi-ri'i 27', 1914}.

To all whom itmay concern:

Be it known that I, GREENLEAF WHITTI'ER PIOKARD, a. citizen of the United States of America, and resident of Amesbury, Massachusetts have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Electrioal Comluo tion Systems for Communicating Electrical Energy, the principles of which are set forth in the following specification and eccompanylng drawing which disclose the form of the invention which I now consider to he the best, of the *urious forms in whioh the principlce of the invention may he emrelates to the method of ioying stream lines of elecilow on and in an electrical ,2 communication of into-EL iieiiwee'n stations located in said conductor: gence, etc conducor.

The object. of the invention is to employ such stream lines of electrical current of fQCilVQlj or the transmission and reception of inmi fects column to all previous atiompts to utilize such :5 .EZYH lines of electrical cur-- rentfor t purpose of communication of intelligence.

The inver. consists of an improved method for setting up such electrical stream lines; anol an improved method of receiving electrical ene- W from such stream lii Of the rim rigs, Figure 1 is a vertical section of the oocan showing two subnmrines equipped w"; h ihe in ention; and Figs. 52 and 2 plan and section of the electrical stream lines operating in the invert tiou. v

Hereizoforn communication by means of electrical conduction, or current flow in the earth or Welter has been dependent upon. horizontally disposed base lines at each station, and the use of intermittent or alternating current of: low frequency that the stream lines of electrical currentwere 011- abled to spread out in all three dimensions.

These prior methods were defective, both in that with horizontal base lines neutral positions could ho found in which. the receiving base lino hriilgecl or shunied portions of the concluotcr which were equipotential, there by precluzling eignaling, and also in that and. to obviate certain (loas the si roam lines from the transmitting base, line out in three dimensions, much in :Ehe manner of the magnetic lines; of force ehouz a bar magnet, their intensity opprotiimaiely as the inverse (lisim; rendering long oistanoe Hole, Without the employre amounts of energy.

oil-(ls upon the est-eblis'i- J olecirical currents on eomluering medium, @hese our weoeiirziling the medium to a I to roach the receiving base omrehearly tworer v c depth line fmil dime? l than ihrmia-diu fi ional in their errie eosity of we pprozrifrom the tmusmitt long distance sigz rm a m of excessive a more :1 prior 1 st rl with the .oueucie-s; and ilzree fi am liuee, o wands; upon the o ouosmnliol v'orLical es COFJIPOiH-jfii, the receiv- "hy r. "izlgisig Fortions of oh depths. Uwing to known skin a ent :ent (loos not penetrate iniao cxt moii've. fercnoe horses, and curronis clue to the dil intensity between such (liiierent aim'ss my method applied to {he oiling between submarine boats. are shown, at left and right Y ouch completely and alike 1 hi iii sanding and receivlizog the it at the lefL being lethet at the righl our @f that the right,

respecii vol equip wioil sending (and that; reaeivmg) F is a conducting z'j'i oare {instead of em bulif one ii-he seat of alternating eiectrofloat, not insulated from conducting medium M, trailing behind and above the submarine heat at the end of a conductor C insulated (as indicated by its solid hlack line) ftom conducting netlimn M and connected 1- I and S, all constituting a base line hat' a substantial vertical component. This mductor is cennectetl, by means of a switch S, either with an altei'natii'lg currentgenerat-tn' Gr, and inalte-antlbreak key K, or, as lesired alternatet with a low-rest t phone '1] the c hei 1g cznnpletetl in either 3.335% throng; J the metal hull H of the submarine heat. The functions 01' float F are to maintain the difference in level of the top anal bottom ot ctmtlnctor and. to hold it in its inclined position, antl also when desired, to provide a larg conducting surface in en itact with medium M, to more effectively use the stream lines in cooperation Willi the metal sin-face Ii of the boat. float F may he ot any desired construc tion for thew purpoti 1m shown, eon- (luetor C may he supported by the n'ietailie 7 9 structure of the aulunaiine, in the cane of an installat on on a battleship, would he e inher. ()t' ttitttst? i. the more Stream When the i t?!1tlll (.l l t'tttl i It. 8, i i in l. at the tz-anunitliug '.-:i:i- 2th. in that portion f the circuit including; the liquitl ti twee; F and ill filllt .tl out "-.'tl t'itlt" in the form of stat m tint; (in am! i the surface 0f the water. it the th. in; treceivine station, the we line i 'l, ll (also having a eihstaniial vertical CUBE)! ncnt), shunts 91mm oi. theatli'eam lime and the i't-bnltant ele trical current operates the telephone re eiver l7". he tot-tn. (if

these sti'euin lines. in the horizontal 'tlanin shev'vn in Fig llt'i't: the citing hast: line F, it} includes the generatut (l, an l the arrews on the stream lines indicate theii' in stantanctnw lii'tetion, The li;:t;,int hast line F H incnrrepts a {MW of them Fiiitft" lines, whit; {low thtmvg h the telephone T.

In Fig. 3.1 is shoa 'n the vei'tizal Section of the trcain lines, at, Fig. 2' marks, illQ limit, liwlow which they (to not; apereeiably penetfate into the lgwuly of water. The particularfteqtttwnty which lltllllt he choaen tlepentls :iyon the spt't'iiitz ikesiitan-ize oi the liquid or other conducting inetliuni lfllt..'\"t1tl!1f between the stations" aml the d pth to which the .j't'atiens are in'imersetl in this nietliiun. [\n alleinatiny; electrical eurrent penetrates a. contiuetm: to a depth. {)W portional to: a

Where u is the magnet-is pern'ieabiiity of the ance tele- The dotted line if the Jie iiu n were ortli': Water, Xltl] a Spxnfie ct'nitlut'tlv ppr-oxtxnatel font 1' llllun tunes small 7 per, the depth 0 the ettcctiiv ,1

tuin would be two the and time or, fer a li'tt uency of 3t peeiotis 3BR onrl, approximately nine meters. Now, the term ettectivc lace stratum simply 85 means the depth of the stratum in which all the current would be concentrated, if the il'itensit -g' were uniform. So, the current intensity will in the slim? greatest: at the :ltl'iilC-(h, and will i-apu dQGI'GEtSQ 99 with tleptn, l!t "1tl .il1 inappiwhmle at,

tiepth of two or tree times the fccti Ye 1 tW QUi'y llt't! in t in the J v 1 hill/tilt) 01,

- t my inafenint of eutl'm t, anon; tummy the fiUZil always he maintained ui hin about i622: or h Feline j tnntra :23 t o 8% l we mote i 7 lat t illi (l t cnei t t which compel \Ya her,

ing" a suit. face in i finer them in a iayi-r of HR? mzi'ru'o thereof in Winch mm the 1111; 0 1n :1 rf-mwxng crmdumor.

H (iIK-E'ENLYZM' wnmmu Hcmm.

medium may" the 3 remitting; electromative fnrmzr; and mnmzie: 

